Concentrating syrup.



`the tirst stage oi the process,

' No claim is inade in this E non machines. The niass is reduced in this tirst preferably until it. is too freedom so that the considerably re.-

step of the process stili to circulate with eiiiciency of the process is duced. For example it inay be reduced approximately one-tourth of its oi-initial ioluuio by this `lirst. step. W'hen the product becomes stringy and sloivyrunning4 and so stili" to make the continuation of' the above described step inadi'risable it is run into a drier where it is d 'awn out into a filin and exposed to the action ot air, pretcrahly hot air. lt niay also be' heated hjv' 'atei' or stoani aty the saine tiiuc. ln this way the inass can be rapidly c vaporated under the saine conditions of low temperature as in though per haps notso rapidly and not with such tacility in the case ot large volumes, The use of the two steps in combination inalies it possible to handle large volumes ot'5 syrup with great rapidity, the tiist stage being specially adapted to a large volume of syrup in a very iiuid state and the second stage being specially adapted to sinall i'oluines in a stiffer sta te; so that the syrup reduce" and stiii'cned in. the tirststage is excellently fitted for the application of the second starre. Furthermore the concentration in two sta ges niakes a substantially continuous processir a supply ot fresh juice b cinpi under treatment according` to the first stage of the process while the previous supply under treat-- ment by the second stage. ln the second stagre of the process the treatment con tiniied until the iiiass is reduced to crudo sugar which niay he subsequently refined by any usual or suitable processes.

The accoinpanyino drawings illustrate a suitable apparatus (more or less diagramniatically) for carrying out- 'the process. application for the and itr is to he understood that he carried out in a lgreat variety of apparatus other than that shown.

Figure l of the drawings is a vertical loir gitudinal section partly in elevation of the ycssels in which the syrup may loe treated and the means for obtaining a supply of hot or cold air under pressure. 2 is a vertical transverse section of the two vessels shown in Fig. l. Fil. 3 is a transverse section of the first, tank used, illustrating an intermediate stage of the process.

With this apparatus the clarified juice is placed in the vessel A preferably to a height slightly above the horizontal heatingcoils B. Steam is passed through the coils, entering through the pipo C. v.0r water alone may be introduced through the pipe D. Or a mixture ot water and steam may be used by opening;` the valves in both pipes@ and D, the temperature being controlled by tho relative sizes of the openings in the two pipes. Preferably a jacket lil is pr vided apparatus. the inrention may l i i 2 as the level l l i l l into which the heating incdiuin also enters. li'clci'ahliy cach oi' the horizontal coils idf is provided with a separate inlet vaive so 'that ot the liquid falls the lei'el of the heating); incdiuiii niay be similarly regulated. li'cteralily also the jacket E is prou vided with a nuiuber of outlets 'atdifferent levels (Fig. 2) so that where hot water is used its level niav be regulated to correspond with that ol the syrup. Yihere steam is usc-d the lowest outlet' alone is necessary to ret rid ot the ywater or condensation. The air niay be introduced through nozzles la" cirlcndiugf nearly to the bottoni oi" the and having/broad orifices so as to introduce the air in large sti'eaius rather than irinute jets. 'l`hc nozzles are supplied i'roni branch pipes tl which are connected to a inain pipe li and lo another inaiii pipe d. the toriner supplyiue heated air and thclatter air at at inospheric teupciaturc. the air in ach being pret'ciablj.' under a y high pressure which inay be secured b v means of a pressure blower such as is shown at K. and the air 'for the hot air ina-iii ll licing passed through aq coil in a steanidiuin L. The pressure or velocity oi" the air and the large size of the nozzles causes it to carry along' with it the entire adjacent portion of the s 'rup and lo xrive to the latter a rolling inotioii in the manner ind' 'ated by thc dotted arrows` which turns the uniss over andovcr and ,dives to whatever occluded bubbles are lformed iii the niass au opi'iortunity to es cape at the siii-tace. The iaiii voiuue of aii' takes the direction indicated by the ull liney arrows and carries awaj.7 with it. the vapors iioi'iiied throughout the inass hy the heat o1l`v the coiis and jacket` or of the coils alone it the jacket be, omitted. This process is continued, as before stated. until the syrup is reduced `to (roughlji oiuhl'oiirth oi its original depth and volunic and is so thick` and oi" such slight depth in the ve 'el as to n'iake it impractical to continue tue proeess liirtheix Such a condition is indicated 'lhe inassis then run troni the in S.

.te into a second vessel M for the iii-sttank carrying' .rut ot the second stage of the process. 'ihe tanlt ,St inay be provided with a i'alvc, through `which the .syrup can be drum M the cover l?. is replaced at one end and. hot air is blown in through the branch td. .'.lho current. ot air is introduced pret`- erably through a nozzle if having a series ot radial branches, thus maintaining within the drinn a dcsioc'ating atmosphere. The

Sti

Lensvelt vrotation ofthe drum at the same time constantly exposes a film or coating of the syrup on the Wall of the drum from which thev 10 mass. The mass is then scraped or other- Wise removed from the sides of the drum. Where a goed quality of syrup is used the final' product is so little sticky that it falls from Ithe Wall of the drum even without scraping.v In experimental vtests which' we havemade 'the product has apparently contained even less invert sugar than 'was in the original juice.

The materlnl in the drum may be heated in any manner, as for example by means ot' coils within or n jacket on the outside ot the drum, in. Order to husten thejprocess.

The process is not only applicable to the concentration of the original juice, but may besubsti'tuted for the vacuum pan processes now. generally usedin the refining ot crude sugar.

Though We have described with great particularity of detail a specific process einbodyin our invention, yet it is to be understood t at the' invention is not limited to the particular process described in detail. Various; modifications may be Vmade by those skilled in the art Without-'departure from the invention.

What We claim i 1. In thc concentration of syrup, the twostnge process which consists m first applying heat to'the syrup and simultaneously passing air through it to effect s.V rapid concentration at a low temperature and thus keep down the `formation of invert sugar, the air being introduced in large streams underpressure to ,avoid the formation of numerous minute bubbles 'and to hasten the process, andthe vailbeing also introduced in a direction to give the mass a rolling motion so as to liberate the bubbles formed, and then exposing the syrup thus concentrated in a film to o. desiccating atmosphere to .extract substantially all the remaining molst'ure. V

2. In the concentration of syrup, the process which, consists in applying heat to the syrup and simultaneously blowing air through lit to e'lect n rapid concentration. the applied temperature and the volume ot air being such as to maintain the mass at a temperature below about i60 degrees Fahrenheit, and exposing the syrup thus coucentrated in a film to a dcsiccating atmos- 'phere to extract substantially all the rcmaining moisture. Y

3. In the concentration of syrup, the proc css which consists 1n applying ieat to the syrup and simultaneously passing air through it to etl'ect a rapid concezitratiou at avion' 'temperature and thus .keep down the formation of invert sugar. the air being! introduced in large streams under pressure to avoid the formation of niunerous minute bubbles and to husten the process` hot water being used as the heating medium to avoid burning portionsl ot the mass by contact with the heating surface. and exposing thc syrup thus cimccntrated in a iilrn to a desiccating atmosphere to extract sulistrultiall)Y all the remaining moisture.

'i. In the concentration of syrup, the process which consists in applying a large quautity of heat to thc syrup and at once hasten` ing the concentration and rw'lucin;r the temperature hy simultaneously passing air through it in lui-gc strcamsaml in quantities sutiicieut to maintain the temperature ot rthe syrup considerably below the applied tcuiperoture` the air being.'y introduced in large stream` -under pressure. whereby the tendency of long continued :und high heat to increase the quantity ot imfcrt sugarin the product is minimized and exposing the syrup thus concentrated in a film to a desiccating atmosphere to extract substantially all thc reumining moisture.

ln the concentration of syr1u' the process which consists in applyixlp,f heat to the syrup and simultaneously passingY air through it to ctlcct a rapid couccnlrauifm at a low temperature, and thus keep down the formation of invert sugar, tluair being introduced in large streams under pressure to avoid the formation of munorous minute bubbles and to hasten the process, and the air being also introduced in a direction to give the mass a rolling motion, so as to liberate the bubbles formed, and the application of heat and the temperature of the air being so proportioned as to maintain the mass at. a temperature below about l0() degrees Fahrenheit, concentratiupr the syrup under such conditions until it is reduced to approxinialcly onc-foluth of its original volume, or until thc mass is so thick as to render the action ot the air incdicicnt, and drawing,r out. the thick mass thus formed into a film, and exposing it to the action of currents othcatcd air until practically all ot the remaining moisture has been extracted.

(i. lu thc concentration of syrup, thc process which consists in carrying n considerable depth ot syrup in :i vessel. applyingr heat to the syrup and simultancously passing oir through it in large streams from amiroxii mately the bottom ol the vessel so as to cure a long path of the air through thc syrup and to cil'oct a rapid (mm'cntratiou at u low temperature and thus kocp down the torination oi invert sugar, using hol. vater as tht` heating medium so as to avoid l'nu'nnggr portions of the mass in contact with the heattiti ing surfaces, containing this process until the syrup is reduced to such :i slight depth and great thickness as to render the air blast ineliicient, and exposing the syrup thus con- 5 centrated in e film to e desiccating atmosphere to extract substantially all the re maining moisture.

7. In the concentration of syrup,vthe process which consists in carrying e considerable depth of the syrup in A:i vessel, applying heat to the syrup and simultaneously pees` ing air through it from approximately the bottom of the vessel so es to secure e long; path of the air through the syrup and to peinture and thus keep down the format-ion of invert sugar, the airv being introduced in large streams under pressure to avoid the formation of numerous minute bubbles and 20 to hasten the process, and the air .being also eilect e rapid .concentration at e low tem! introduced in direction to give me mass a rolling motion so as to liberate the bubbles formed, using hot Water :is the heating medium so es to avoid burning portions of the mass in Contact With the heating surfaces, rcontinuing this process unt-il the syrup is reduced to such a slight depth and great thickness es to render the sir blast inef cient, and exposing the syrup thus concentrated in a film to e desiocating atmosphere to extract substantially all the remaining moisture. p

ln witness .Whereof, We have hereunto signed our naines in the presence of two subscribing' witnesses. l JSEPH H. CAMPBELL.

CHARLES H. CAMPBELL. Witnesses p TiinoDoRF. T. SNELL, FRED Wifi-irre. 

